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What Are the Goals of Forensic Science?
The examination of physical evidence related to crime is forensic science. Rapid advances in the field make forensic careers challenging and professionally fulfilling.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a 14% growth rate for jobs in the forensic science field from 2018-2028, which is higher than the average 5% growth rate projected for all occupations. Entry-level positions typically require a bachelor’s degree in forensic science or a closely related field. There are several ways to advance your career as a forensic scientist, including earning a graduate degree or an industry-recognized certification in an area like toxicology or latent fingerprint analysis.
Rapid advances in the field make careers in forensic science challenging yet professionally fulfilling. Read on to learn more about the requirements for a forensic science degree, accreditation, and career and salary outlook.
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FAQ
How does forensic science help solve crimes?
Forensic science provides a framework that allows trained scientists and crime experts to analyze evidence gathered at a crime scene. This framework can help those experts find the criminal or eliminate suspects.
Do you need a bachelor’s degree to be a forensic technician?
Most entry-level jobs in forensic science require at least a bachelor’s degree. Many undergraduate forensic science programs also include an internship or practicum.
Can forensic science be a pre-med degree?
Yes. A forensic science degree from an accredited institution meets basic requirements for pre-med degrees. A master’s in forensic psychology may also be worth your consideration.
Is forensic science criminology?
Although they are closely related, forensic science and criminology are two different fields. Forensic science focuses on evidence, while criminology refers to the study of criminal behavior.
Accreditation for a Bachelor’s in Forensic Science
Higher education accreditation in the United States refers to the voluntary process of self-evaluation and peer-evaluation that determines the quality of a school’s academic offerings and the sustainability of its operations and finances. The U.S. Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation oversee the accreditation process to make sure accreditors hold schools and programs to the highest recognized educational standards.
Regional accrediting agencies focus on nonprofit, degree-granting colleges and universities, while national accrediting agencies often evaluate vocational, career-focused schools.
Some accreditors focus on specific programs rather than entire schools. In the field of forensic science, the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission (FEPAC) is the main accrediting agency. FEPAC only accredits programs offered by colleges and universities that already hold regional accreditation.
2020 Best Forensic Science Degrees
The schools included in the list below offer some of the best programs in the field. Explore each program to discover which one can best help you reach your educational and career objectives.
Founded in 1926, Mercyhurst University serves more than 3,400 students through over 70 programs. The university offers 60 undergraduate programs, including a forensic science degree. Developed in 2002, Mercyhurst's BS in forensic science offers concentrations in criminalistics, forensic anthropology, and forensic chemistry. The program provides students with training in the latest technologies and scientific methods used in the field, along with a series of hands-on fieldwork opportunities.
At Mercyhurst, classes typically run throughout eight-week or full-semester sessions in the fall and spring. For admission, applicants usually need a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 2.5. Transfer applicants with a minimum GPA of 2.0 may receive transfer credit and admission. To graduate, students need to maintain a cumulative 2.75 GPA.
Founded in 1963, the University of Central Florida offers more than 220 programs across its 13 colleges. UCF's College of Sciences offers 15 undergraduate degrees, including a forensic science degree with biochemistry and chemistry tracks. Both tracks require 124 credits, including general education, common program prerequisites, electives, core requirements, and a capstone course. Learners also complete an internship during their final semester.
At UCF, classes run throughout the fall, spring, and summer. Students typically graduate within four years. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma and must submit ACT or SAT scores. Transfer applicants receive credit on a case-by-case basis. To graduate, students must maintain a cumulative GPA of 2.5.
Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is the Lone Star State's oldest public university. The university offers more than 130 undergraduate programs, including a BS in forensic and investigative sciences. The program offers science and pre-law emphasis areas. In both areas, core courses include forensic entomology, latent print processing, and forensic soil science.
In addition to theoretical training, forensic science students perform research and complete an internship. The curriculum consists of 120 credits. Transfer applicants with a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.0 can receive up to 65 credits via transfer. The program's science emphasis area is accredited by the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission.
At Pennsylvania State University, undergraduate students have access to more than 275 bachelor's programs across 24 campuses. Penn State offers a forensic science degree with two tracks: biology and chemistry. The BS in forensic science requires 124-126 credits overall, including 97-99 major credits. Core courses include organic chemistry, courtroom proceedings, and bioethics. Learners typically take courses in the fall and spring and graduate within four years.
At Penn State, forensic science majors enjoy a variety of research and internship opportunities. They can also join forensic science student organizations. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. They may also need to submit ACT or SAT scores. To declare the forensic science major, applicants need a cumulative GPA of 2.0 and must have completed several prerequisite courses. To graduate, students need to maintain a cumulative GPA of at least 2.0.
Established in 1869, University of Nebraska Lincoln is the oldest university in the Cornhusker State and the flagship institution of the University of Nebraska system. The university offers more than 150 undergraduate programs, including a BS in forensic science. Nebraska's forensic science degree offers specializations in areas like crime scene investigation, forensic biology, pre-law, and forensic chemistry.
Students in the program typically take courses throughout eight-week terms and graduate within four years. The curriculum includes optional internship and fieldwork opportunities. For admission, applicants typically need a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 3.0 or the GED equivalent. Transfer applicants may receive up to 90 credits. To graduate, students need to maintain a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.0.
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis offered its first class in 1891. Since then, IUPUI has grown to more than 17 schools and over 450 programs. In the university's BS in forensic and investigative sciences, learners can focus on biology or chemistry. Both tracks require 120 credits, including 75 major credits. In the major, students take required courses in forensic science, biology, chemistry, statistics, and advanced science.
At IUPUI, programs start in the fall or spring, and learners often graduate within four years. All students in the forensic science program participate in research and an internship. Both tracks feature a senior capstone course. For admission, applicants need a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 3.0 or the GED equivalent. They must also submit ACT or SAT scores. IUPUI evaluates transfer credit on a case-by-case basis.
Founded in 1887, Cedarville University offers more than 150 programs with a Christian perspective to nearly 4,000 undergraduate students. In the university's BS in forensic sciences, students complete 128 credits, including 90 credits of required science courses. The curriculum breaks down into a science and math core, criminal justice courses, and electives. Students typically complete their forensic science degrees in four years, with courses running through the fall, spring, and summer.
One of the best forensic science programs, the program gives learners hands-on experience through internships and laboratory work. Cedarville also offers a master's degree pathway that prepares students for an MBA after graduation. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma plus ACT or SAT scores. They also need to demonstrate that they are practicing Christians. Cedarville evaluates transfer credit on a case-by-case basis.
Loyola University Chicago was founded in 1870 and now serves more than 17,000 students. Loyola offers more than 80 undergraduate majors, including a BS in forensic science. In this program, students choose from forensic chemistry and forensic biology and DNA tracks. During Loyola's forensic science degree, students complete 120 credits, including 88 major credits, with courses dedicated to laboratory science, criminal justice, the specialization, electives, and a capstone.
As part of the capstone requirement, learners complete an internship and a research assignment. Programs typically start in the fall, and students take courses in the fall and spring, usually graduating within four years. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma and must submit ACT or SAT scores. Loyola's forensic science degree is accredited by the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission.
Founded in 1871, Ohio Northern University offers more than 60 programs across its five colleges. Students in the BS in forensic biology complete 120 credits, taking courses in organic chemistry, presentational speaking, and forensic computer analysis. ONU also offers students several hands-on experiences, including a 10-week internship, summer undergraduate research experiences, and access to the Crime Scene House, which offers practice via simulations and mock crimes.
At ONU, the forensic science degree begins in the fall or spring. While most students take classes in these two semesters and graduate within four years, summer classes may be available. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma plus ACT or SAT scores. Transfer applicants can receive transfer credit on a case-by-case basis. Students in the program enjoy access to the library, academic support, and career services.
Founded in 1937, Madonna University offers over 100 programs to its nearly 2,500 undergraduate students, including a 120-credit BS in forensic science. The program includes 32 credits of pre-forensic science courses, 30 credits of support courses, and up to 32 major credits. Students also participate in an internship and laboratory experiences. In addition to the degree, MU offers a variety of industry and completion certifications.
For general admission, MU prefers applicants with a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 2.8. All prospective students must submit ACT or SAT scores. For admission into the forensic science major, applicants need a minimum GPA of 2.75. Transfer applicants with more than 60 credits need a minimum GPA of 2.8 for admission. Before graduating, students need to complete the Forensic Science Aptitude Test. MU's forensic science degree is accredited by the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission.
Founded in 1977, Keiser focuses on supporting working professionals earning their degrees. To that end, Keiser offers a BS in forensic investigations with concentrations in investigations and science. In the program's 126-credit curriculum, learners complete 38 major credits, including courses in criminalistics, advanced legal procedure, and medico-legal death investigation. Students can also participate in externships or capstone courses.
Students pursuing Keiser's forensic science degree can take courses at one of the university's eight Florida campuses. The program begins in the fall and classes run throughout the year. For general admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma along with ACT or SAT scores. For program admission, applicants need to complete a test and an interview. To graduate, learners need to maintain a cumulative GPA of 2.5.
Founded in 1936 as a women's college, Mount Marty College is now a small co-educational college offering students access to a large selection of programs. Mount Marty's students can earn a BA in biology with a forensic science emphasis, taking courses in pre-professional training, the biology major, and the emphasis. During the five-course forensic science emphasis, learners study criminal justice, criminal investigation, and criminology. Students can also complete a capstone seminar.
Mount Marty provides opportunities for practical training through internships, research opportunities, and laboratory work. Classes typically run through the fall and spring semesters in eight-week sessions. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. They may also need to submit ACT or SAT scores. Transfer applicants need a minimum GPA of 2.0 for admission.
The University of Providence is a liberal arts university with less than 1,000 students and 30 undergraduate programs. In UP's BS in forensic science, students can choose from the general program, a biology track, or a chemistry track. UP also offers a forensic science minor and a forensic investigation concentration for criminal justice students. The entire degree requires 120 credits, with 70-76 credits dedicated to each specific track. In each track, learners gain practical training through internships or lab experiences.
At UP, students can start their forensic science degree in the spring or the summer. With a full-time schedule of 12-18 credits each semester, students can graduate within four years. Each forensic science track offers a thesis option, particularly for students considering further study after graduation. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma plus ACT or SAT scores.
Since it opened in 1895, Wichita State University has developed many unique programs and delivery methods. WSU's BS in forensic science is the only program of its kind in Kansas. The degree requires 120 credits, including at least 91 major credits. The curriculum features courses in analytical chemistry, microbiology, and forensic toxicology alcohol. The program also requires internships and laboratory experiences.
WSU's forensic science degree runs throughout the fall, spring, and summer. Students can start in the fall or spring and complete the degree within four years. For admission, in-state applicants need a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 2.0 or the GED equivalent. Out-of-state applicants need a minimum GPA of 2.5. All applicants must submit ACT or SAT scores.
Founded in 1936, Marian University combines theoretical training with hands-on learning in its programs. In Marian's forensic science degree, students need to complete 120 credits, including a mandatory minor in chemistry. In the major, students take courses in forensic photography, university physics, and principles of judicial procedure. The program provides hands-on training through internship opportunities and classroom and laboratory simulations.
Marian's forensic science program begins in the fall and winter, and most learners complete the degree in eight semesters. For admission, applicants need a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 2.0 along with ACT or SAT scores. To graduate, learners must maintain a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0.
Founded in 1888, the University of Scranton now serves more than 3,500 undergraduate students. One of Scranton's 68 bachelor's programs, the BS in forensic chemistry requires 123.5 credits spread out across eight semesters and four years. Major courses include inorganic chemistry, principles of evidence, and instrumental analysis. Students in the program can also complete an optional internship.
Forensic science students can begin the program in the fall and spring, and classes typically run throughout these two semesters. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. They also need to submit ACT or SAT scores unless they have a GPA higher than 3.2. Transfer applicants need to meet the same requirements and may earn up to 57 transfer credits.
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University serves more than 34,000 students across 70 programs. ERAU's BS in forensic science requires 123 credits and includes courses in general education, science foundations, law and the legal system, and the major. In the major, students complete courses in forensic DNA analysis, trace evidence, and computer programming. The major also includes an internship. Program graduates may qualify to sit for a certification examination with the American Board of Criminalistics.
Students in the program take classes throughout the spring, fall, and summer. Learners receive hands-on training through the program's laboratory components, practicing in the Forensic Crime Scene Investigation Lab and the Forensic Biology Lab. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. Students may join one of the school's forensic science-related organizations, such as the American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
Since opening its doors in 1866, TU has grown into the largest university in the Baltimore region and one of the largest schools in the University System of Maryland. In TU's 121-credit forensic science degree, learners choose from a general track, a DNA track, and a trace evidence and drug analysis track. Required courses include criminal law, professional practices, and biostatistics.
Courses start in the fall and spring, and most students graduate within eight terms. Students with a minimum GPA of 3.0 may gain access to internship opportunities in local crime laboratories. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. They must also submit ACT or SAT scores.
Since it opened in 1911 as a teacher's college, Middle Tennessee State University has expanded its offerings to more than 300 programs. Students interested in forensic science careers can pursue the forensic science degree, an interdisciplinary program blending criminal justice, biology, and chemistry. The program's 120-credit curriculum includes internships and laboratory experiences for practical training.
Courses typically start in the fall and spring, and students often graduate within four years. Students can take courses in the summer to reduce their fall and spring course loads.
For admission, applicants need a high school diploma with a minimum GPA of 2.7, plus ACT or SAT scores. Applicants with a GPA of 3.0 or higher do not need to submit test scores. Transfer applicants need a minimum GPA of 2.0 for admission and transfer credit.
Founded in 1884, Trine University offers bachelor's programs in six major areas, including health sciences. Trine's 120-credit BS in forensic science includes a concentration in either biology or chemistry. Required courses include forensic comparative science, expert testimony, and criminalistics.
The program also requires practical training in internships and laboratory experiences. Courses start in the fall and spring, and most students take 16-17 credits each semester and graduate within two years. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma along with ACT or SAT scores. Transfer applicants need a minimum GPA of 2.5 for admission.
Tracing its roots back back to 1885, Seton Hill University now serves more than 2,000 students through over 80 undergraduate programs. The university's BS in forensic science requires 120 credits, including 79 major credits. Noteworthy courses include bloodstain pattern analysis, molecular biology, and sociology of deviance. Forensic science students also participate in internships and a portfolio presentation capstone course.
During the forensic science degree, learners gain practical training in the Seton Hill University Crime Scene House, Health Sciences Center, criminal justice mock settings, and several labs. Courses typically start in the fall and spring. The university operates seven science clubs. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. They also need to submit ACT or SAT scores. Transfer applicants can earn up to 90 transfer credits for courses with a 2.0 GPA.
Founded in 1787 and one of the oldest colleges in the nation, York College of Pennsylvania is a private school enrolling more than 4,000 students in over 60 bachelor's programs. In YCP's 124-credit BS in forensic chemistry, students complete courses in forensic body fluids, physical chemistry, and laboratory experiences. Students can also complete an internship or independent study.
Programs start in the fall and spring, and most full-time students graduate in four years. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. Transfer applicants can earn more than 90 transfer credits for completed courses with a GPA of at least 2.0.
Founded in 1860, Simpson College offers more than 60 programs to its approximately 1,500 students. In Simpson's forensic science degree, learners acquire the training and skills to enter the forensic science profession or pursue graduate education. The program's core courses include molecular genetics and biostatistics, plus an internship and a capstone course.
Simpson students benefit from access to the Carver Science Center and biotechnology facilities for practical training and experience. While they can customize their schedule, most learners take 16 credits per semester and graduate within four years. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma, plus ACT or SAT scores. Transfer applicants receive credit on a case-by-case basis.
One of the oldest Catholic universities in Missouri, Saint Louis University was founded in 1818 and now serves more than 12,000 students. In SLU's BS in forensic science, students need to complete a minimum of 77 major credits and at least 120 credits overall. The forensic science degree includes courses in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, in addition to studies in statistics, sociology, and anthropology. The major also includes forensic science-related electives and a practicum.
SLU offers students access to its Forensic Science Laboratory. The school also offers opportunities in other labs in the St. Louis region and through the Forensic Science Club. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma along with ACT or SAT scores.
Opening its doors in 1934, Eastern New Mexico University now offers more than 90 programs. Students in ENMU's BS in forensic science program complete 120 credits. Specialization options include biology, chemistry, and anthropology. Each specialization requires 26 credits. Core courses include criminal investigations and algebra-based physics.
In addition to the lab work and practical training built into the program, ENMU encourages students to take part in internships and research opportunities. Students can join ENMU's Forensic Science Society. For admission, applicants need a high school or GED diploma. They also need to submit ACT or SAT scores. ENMU evaluates transfer credit on a case-by-case basis.
Forensic Science Specializations
Forensic science professionals often work as crime scene investigators or crime lab specialists. Crime scene investigators gather the evidence that crime lab specialists analyze. Crime lab specialists are often experts in chemistry, biology, or physics. They perform experiments to help police reconstruct what happened during a crime and lead them to the person who committed the crime.
Forensic science offers several specializations. For example, digital forensics builds on a student’s computer knowledge and programming abilities. Forensic science degrees can also prepare graduates for careers as blood splatter experts and toxicology and ballistics specialists.
Career and Salary Outlook for Forensic Science
According to BLS data, local and state governments are the largest employers for forensic science professionals, hiring 8,790 and 4,330 forensic experts, respectively. Forensic scientists can also assist with non-criminal investigations involving civil legal liability and industrial violations. As such, medical and diagnostic laboratories and architectural and engineering services also employ a significant number of forensic science professionals.
The following states hire the most forensic science technicians:
California (2,050)
Florida (1,420)
Texas (1,100)
New York (720)
Arizona (720)
The following states pay the highest salaries to forensic science technicians:
Although specific courses vary, many accredited forensic science programs offer similar curricula to meet industry standards. The courses below represent a sample curriculum offered by a typical forensic science program.
Crime Scene Investigation
This course teaches learners the various methods and techniques of gathering evidence used during a crime scene investigation. Students learn how to identify, document, and preserve different types of evidence. Students also learn how to reconstruct crime scenes based on collected evidence.
Forensic Biology
Students learn how to process evidence with multiple biological markers. They learn how to analyze and interpret physical evidence and provide a thorough scientific and objective insight. This course also teaches learners how to develop accurate DNA profiles and trains them to deliver accurate, bias-free, and evidence-based reports.
Forensic Science Internship
A forensic science internship gives students the chance to apply classroom principles in a real-world setting. Students participate in experiments and perform relevant tasks under the supervision of a forensic science professional.
Instrumental Methods with Laboratory
In this course, students learn several instrumental methods, including infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas and liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. This course familiarizes students with existing forensic technology as well as emerging techniques and procedures that can help them process evidence more accurately.
Introduction to Forensic Science
This course gives students an overview of the different disciplines that make up forensic science. They learn how to apply scientific principles from chemistry, biology, physics, and other fields to interpret data and evaluate its relevance to an ongoing investigation.
Scholarships for Forensic Science
To meet the increasing demand for well-trained forensic experts, several national and regional organizations offer scholarship programs to support students pursuing a forensic science degree.
Who Can Apply: This program considers applications from undergraduate and graduate students pursuing a degree in forensic science, forensic chemistry, or a physical or natural science. The program gives preference to students enrolled in a program accredited by the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission. Amount: $1,000
Who Can Apply: The AFTE accepts applications from both undergraduate and graduate forensic science students. Undergraduate applicants must be at least in their third year of an accredited program with a minimum 3.0 GPA. Amount: $2,000
Who Can Apply: Administered by the Southwestern Association of Forensic Scientists, this program welcomes applications from third-year students pursuing a degree in chemistry, biology, or natural science. Applicants need a minimum 3.0 GPA. Amount: $1,000
Who Can Apply: Students pursuing a degree in forensic science or criminal justice can apply for this scholarship program. Applicants must be in their sophomore, junior, or senior year with a GPA of 2.5 or better. Amount: $1,000
Who Can Apply: Administered by the Northeastern Association of Forensic Scientists, this program welcomes applications from juniors and seniors enrolled in a forensic science program offered at a university in a member state. Amount: $2,000
Graduate Degrees in Forensic Science
The best forensic science programs prepare graduates for immediate employment. These programs also provide an excellent foundation for further studies. Several colleges and universities now offer master’s and Ph.D. degrees in forensic science.
Many professionals pursue graduate studies to keep up with the developments in the field or advance their careers. Forensic specialists with a doctoral degree are qualified to teach courses in their area of expertise at accredited colleges and universities throughout the country.
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